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262 HealthJournals

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Healthy Bones
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Healthy Bones

Our bones support us and allow us to move. They also protect our brain, heart, and other organs from injury. Find out more about the important role of bones in your body, and what you can do to protect them.

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Healthy Joints
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Healthy Joints

A joint is where two or more bones join together. Over time, your joints can suffer from wear and tear or be affected by conditions like arthritis and gout. Keeping your joints healthy will allow you to run, walk, play sports, and do all the things you like to do. Learn more about joints, common conditions, and how to keep them healthy.

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Healthy Muscles
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Healthy Muscles

Did you know you have more than 600 muscles in your body? These muscles help you move, lift things, pump blood through your body, and even help you breathe. By keeping your muscles strong and able, you can stay independent longer as you age. Learn all about the muscular system and how to keep your muscles healthy and strong.

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The Bone-ified Truth: Why Every Woman Should Care About Bone Health
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The Bone-ified Truth: Why Every Woman Should Care About Bone Health

You might think fragile bones are a concern for your future, older self. But bones can start to deteriorate at an early age in women. Find out why women need to pay attention to their bones earlier to keep them healthy and strong.

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Bone, joint and muscle anatomy

Bones, joints and muscles give the body its shape, protect its organs and let it move. Their anatomy runs from bone structure and bone marrow to the skull, spine and pelvis, and from cartilage, tendons and ligaments to healthy muscles and good posture.

Bone and joint diseases, disorders and injuries

Your bones help you move, give you shape and support your body. Bone diseases can make bones easy to break. Learn about different kinds of bone problems and how genetics can play a role.

Overview

Osteoporosis

Arthritis

Genetic - Bone and Muscle

Muscle diseases, disorders and injuries

Your muscles help you move and help your body work. Muscle disorders can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis. Read more about muscle disorders.

Ribs and sternum injuries and disorders

The ribs and sternum, or breastbone, form the thoracic cage that protects the heart and lungs. Problems here include rib fractures, chest injuries and costochondritis, an inflammation of rib cartilage, along with differences present at birth such as funnel chest and asternia.

Shoulder, arm and hand injuries and disorders

The shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist and hand let people reach, lift and grip. Their problems range from frozen shoulder, rotator cuff injuries and dislocations to tennis elbow, carpal tunnel syndrome and Dupuytren contracture, along with hand differences present at birth such as syndactyly.

Shoulder

Arm

Elbow

Wrist

Hand and Fingers

Hip, leg and foot injuries and disorders

The hips, knees, legs and feet carry the body's weight. Their problems range from hip pain, ACL injuries and kneecap dislocation to restless legs syndrome, bunions, hammer toe and clubfoot, and some lead to hip or knee replacement surgery.

Hip

Leg

Knee

Foot, Ankle, Toes

Pelvic disorders

The pelvis is the ring of bones at the base of the spine, and the pelvic floor is the layer of muscles that supports the bladder, bowel and uterus. Pelvic disorders include pelvic pain, weak pelvic support and pelvic organ prolapse, and Kegel exercises work the pelvic floor muscles.

Spine injuries and disorders

The spine, or vertebral column, supports the body and protects the spinal cord. Its problems range from low back pain, herniated disks and scoliosis to spinal stenosis and compression fractures, and in the neck, from neck pain to whiplash.

General

Neck (Cervical)

Skull, face and jaw injuries and disorders

The skull and facial bones protect the brain and shape the face, and the jaw lets people chew and speak. Problems here range from head, facial and nose injuries to temporomandibular disorders of the jaw and differences present at birth, such as cleft lip and palate.

Cartilage diseases and disorders

Cartilage is the firm, flexible tissue that cushions the joints and gives shape to the ears, nose and airways. Its disorders include chondromalacia patellae, which softens the cartilage under the kneecap, osteochondritis dissecans, relapsing polychondritis, Tietze syndrome and tracheomalacia.

Tendon and ligament injuries and disorders

Tendons attach muscles to bones, and ligaments hold bones together at the joints. Their injuries and disorders include sprains and strains, tendinitis, rotator cuff and Achilles tendon injuries, tennis elbow and ganglion cysts.

Fractures and dislocations

A fracture is a broken bone, and a dislocation is a joint forced out of place; both often follow falls and sports injuries. They range from rib, nose and spinal compression fractures and growth plate injuries in children to dislocated shoulders and kneecaps.

Fractures

Dislocations

Bone growth disorders

Bone growth disorders change how the skeleton grows, in some cases before birth. They include growth plate injuries, which can disturb how a child's bones grow, dwarfism, and rare inherited skeletal conditions such as achondrogenesis and hypochondrogenesis.

Movement disorders

Movement disorders are nervous system conditions that cause unwanted, slowed or uncontrolled movement. They include Parkinson's disease, dystonia, essential tremor, Tourette syndrome and progressive supranuclear palsy, as well as walking problems.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis makes bones weak and brittle, so they break more easily. It can affect women, men and even children, and it often follows osteopenia, or low bone density. Bone density screening can find it before a bone breaks, and a few forms are inherited.

Bone cancers

Bone cancers start in the bones or the tissue around them, and some, like osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, most often affect children and young adults. Other types include chondrosarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma and ameloblastoma, a tumor of the jaw.

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